Masiku ano, ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha sayansi ndi zamakono komanso kupititsa patsogolo kwachipatala kosalekeza, kumayendera limodzi ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa zipangizo zamakono zamakono zamakono, zomwe zimapanga ma harmonics ambiri m'zipatalazi, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto aakulu. kuchitetezo chamagetsi ndi ntchito yanthawi zonse ya zida zamankhwala.Chipangizo chosefera chokhazikika chakhala chida chofunikira kwambiri kuthetsa vutoli.
1.1 Zida Zachipatala
Pali zida zambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi pazida zamankhwala, ndipo zida izi zidzatulutsa ma harmonics ambiri panthawi yantchito, zomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsa.Zida zodziwika bwino ndi MRI (chida cha nyukiliya maginito), makina a CT, makina a X-ray, DSA (makina osiyanitsa mtima) ndi zina zotero.Pakati pawo, kugunda kwa RF ndi maginito osinthika amapangidwa panthawi ya MRI kuti apange maginito a nyukiliya, ndipo kugunda kwa RF ndi maginito osinthika kumabweretsa kuipitsidwa.Mlatho wokonzanso wa rectifier wapamwamba kwambiri mu makina a X-ray udzatulutsa ma harmonics akuluakulu pamene akugwira ntchito, ndipo makina a X-ray ndi katundu wosakhalitsa, magetsi amatha kufika makumi masauzande a volts, ndi mbali yoyambirira ya thiransifoma idzawonjezera katundu wanthawi yomweyo wa 60 mpaka 70kw, zomwe zidzawonjezeranso mafunde amtundu wa gridi.
1.2 Zida Zamagetsi
Zida zopangira mpweya m'zipatala monga ma air conditioners, mafani, etc., ndi zida zowunikira monga nyali za fulorosenti zidzatulutsa ma harmonics ambiri.Pofuna kupulumutsa mphamvu, zipatala zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mafani otembenuza pafupipafupi komanso ma air conditioners.Frequency Converter ndi yofunika kwambiri harmonic gwero, okwana harmonic panopa kupotoza mlingo THD-i kufika oposa 33%, adzatulutsa chiwerengero chachikulu cha 5, 7 harmonic panopa kuipitsidwa mphamvu gululi.Mu zida zowunikira mkati mwa chipatala, pali nyali zambiri za fulorosenti, zomwe zidzatulutsanso mafunde ambiri a harmonic.Pamene nyali zambiri fulorosenti olumikizidwa kwa gawo atatu gawo anayi waya katundu, pakati mzere kuyenda lalikulu lachitatu harmonic panopa.
1.3 Zida Zoyankhulirana
Pakadali pano, zipatala ndizoyang'anira maukonde apakompyuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa makompyuta, kuyang'anira makanema ndi zida zomvera ndizochulukirapo, ndipo izi ndizomwe zimayambira.Kuphatikiza apo, seva yomwe imasunga deta mu makina oyang'anira maukonde apakompyuta iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera monga UPS.UPS imakonzanso mphamvu ya mains kukhala yachindunji, gawo lomwe limasungidwa mu batire, ndipo gawo lina limasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ya AC yoyendetsedwa kudzera mu inverter kuti ipereke mphamvu pazonyamula.Pamene mains terminal aperekedwa, batire imapereka mphamvu kwa inverter kuti ipitilize kugwira ntchito ndikuwonetsetsa kuti katunduyo akugwira ntchito bwino.Ndipo tikudziwa kuti rectifier ndi inverter adzagwiritsa ntchito luso la IGBT ndi PWM, kotero UPS idzatulutsa zambiri za 3, 5, 7 harmonic panopa pa ntchito.
2. Kuwonongeka kwa ma harmonics ku zida zachipatala
Kuchokera kuzomwe tafotokozazi, titha kupeza kuti pali magwero ambiri operekera chipatala, omwe adzatulutsa ma harmonics ambiri (omwe ali ndi 3, 5, 7 harmonics monga ambiri) ndikuipitsa kwambiri gridi yamagetsi, kuchititsa zovuta zamtundu wa mphamvu monga kuchulukira kwa ma harmonic komanso kuchulukirachulukira kosalowerera ndale.Mavutowa amatha kusokoneza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zachipatala.
2.1 Kuvulaza kwa ma harmonics ku zida zopezera zithunzi
Chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa ma harmonics, ogwira ntchito zachipatala nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi kulephera kwa zida.Zolakwika izi zingayambitse zolakwika za data, zithunzi zosawoneka bwino, kutayika kwa chidziwitso ndi zovuta zina, kapena kuwononga zigawo za bolodi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zachipatala zisapitirire kugwira ntchito moyenera.Makamaka, pamene zida zofananira zina zimakhudzidwa ndi ma harmonics, zida zamkati zamagetsi zimatha kulemba kusinthasintha ndikusintha zomwe zimachokera, zomwe zingayambitse kupindika kwapang'onopang'ono kapena kusamveka bwino kwa chithunzi cha waveform, chomwe ndi chosavuta kuyambitsa kusadziwa.
2.2 Kuvulaza kwa ma harmonics kuchiza ndi zida za unamwino
Pali zida zambiri zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza, ndipo chida chopangira opaleshoni ndichowonongeka kwambiri ndi ma harmonics.Chithandizo cha opaleshoni chimatanthawuza chithandizo cha laser, high-frequency electromagnetic wave, radiation, microwave, ultrasound, etc. yekha kapena molumikizana ndi opaleshoni yachikhalidwe.Zida zogwirizana zimakhudzidwa ndi kusokonezedwa kwa ma harmonic, chizindikiro chotuluka chidzakhala ndi chisokonezo kapena kukulitsa mwachindunji chizindikiro cha harmonic, kuchititsa kuti magetsi amphamvu kwambiri kwa odwala, ndipo pali zoopsa zazikulu zachitetezo pochiza mbali zina zofunika.Zida za unamwino monga ma ventilators, pacemakers, ECG monitors, etc., zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi moyo wa alonda, ndipo zizindikiro za zida zina zimakhala zofooka kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zolakwika kapena kulephera kugwira ntchito pamene akukhudzidwa. kusokoneza, kubweretsa kutaya kwakukulu kwa odwala ndi zipatala.
3. Njira zowongolera za Harmonic
Malinga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa ma harmonics, njira zochizira zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu iyi: kuchepetsa kusokoneza dongosolo, kuchepetsa gwero la harmonic, ndikuyika chipangizo chosefera.
3.1 Chepetsani kusokoneza dongosolo
Kuti tikwaniritse cholinga chochepetsera kutsekeka kwa dongosololi, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa mtunda wamagetsi pakati pa zida zamagetsi zopanda magetsi ndi magetsi, mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwamagetsi.Mwachitsanzo, zida zazikulu za mphero yachitsulo ndi ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi, yomwe idagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya 35KV, ndipo idakhazikitsidwa motsatana ndi magetsi apadera a 35KV ndi ma substations awiri a 110KV, ndipo gawo la harmonic linali lokwera pa basi ya 35KV.Pambuyo ntchito mtunda wa makilomita 4 okha 220KV substation kukhazikitsa 5 35KV wapadera mzere magetsi, ndi harmonics pa basi kwambiri bwino, kuwonjezera pa zomera komanso ntchito yaikulu mphamvu synchronous jenereta, kuti mtunda wa magetsi wa nonlinear awa katundu kwambiri kuchepetsedwa, kotero kuti mbewu kwaiye harmonic kuchepetsa.Njirayi ili ndi ndalama zazikulu kwambiri, ziyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi ndondomeko ya chitukuko cha gridi yamagetsi, ndipo ndi yoyenera kwa ntchito zazikulu zamakampani, ndipo zipatala zimafuna mphamvu zosalekeza zosalekeza, zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi magawo awiri kapena kuposerapo, kotero njira iyi si ya chofunika kwambiri.
3.2 Kuchepetsa magwero a harmonic
Njirayi iyenera kusintha masinthidwe a magwero a harmonic, kuchepetsa njira yogwirira ntchito yopangira ma harmonics ambiri, ndikuyang'ana kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zili ndi harmonic complementarity kuletsana.Mafupipafupi a ma harmonics amachulukidwa pakuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha otembenuza, ndipo phindu la ma harmonic panopa limachepetsedwa kwambiri.Njirayi iyenera kukonzanso dera lazida ndikugwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida, zomwe zimakhala ndi malire apamwamba.Chipatalachi chimatha kusintha pang'ono malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, zomwe zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa ma harmonics pamlingo wina.
3.3 Kuyika Chipangizo Chosefera
Pakali pano, pali awiri ambiri ntchito AC fyuluta zipangizo: kungokhala fyuluta chipangizo ndichida chosefera chogwira ntchito (APF).Chipangizo chojambulira chopanda pake, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti LC fyuluta chipangizo, chimagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya LC resonance kuti ipange mozama nthambi ya resonance kuti ipereke njira yotsika kwambiri yochepetsera kuchuluka kwa ma harmonics kuti asefedwe, kuti asalowedwe. kulowa mu gridi yamagetsi.Chipangizo chojambulira chopanda pake chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso owoneka bwino a mayamwidwe amtundu wa harmonic, koma amangokhala ndi ma frequency achilengedwe, ndipo mawonekedwe amalipiro amakhala ndi chikoka chachikulu pa grid impedance (pafupipafupi, kuyika kwa gridi ndi LC). chipangizo chosefera chikhoza kukhala ndi resonance yofananira kapena kumveka kotsatizana).Active fyuluta chipangizo (APF) ndi mtundu watsopano wa mphamvu zamagetsi chipangizo, amene dynamically kupondereza harmonics ndi kubweza mphamvu zotakasika.Iwo akhoza kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula chizindikiro panopa katundu mu nthawi yeniyeni, kulekanitsa aliyense harmonic ndi zotakasika mphamvu, ndi kulamulira Converter linanena bungwe ndi harmonic ndi zotakasika panopa ofanana matalikidwe ndi n'zosiyana chipukuta misozi panopa kudzera Mtsogoleri kuthetsa harmonic panopa katundu, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chowongolera ma harmonic.Zosefera zogwiraChipangizocho chili ndi ubwino wotsatira nthawi yeniyeni, kuyankha mofulumira, kubwezera kokwanira (mphamvu yogwira ntchito ndi 2 ~ 31 harmonics ikhoza kulipidwa nthawi imodzi).
4 Kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji kwa chipangizo chosefera cha APF m'mabungwe azachipatala
Ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa moyo wa anthu komanso kuchulukitsitsa kwa ukalamba wa anthu, kufunikira kwa ntchito zachipatala kukukulirakulira, ndipo makampani azachipatala atsala pang'ono kulowa munthawi yakukulirakulira, komanso woimira wofunikira kwambiri komanso wofunikira kwambiri pamakampani azachipatala. ndi chipatala.Chifukwa cha phindu lapadera la chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kufunikira kwa chipatala, yankho la vuto la khalidwe la mphamvu ndilofunika mwamsanga.
4.1 APF kusankha
Ubwino wa ulamuliro wa harmonic, choyamba, ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo chaumwini cha odwala ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala, ndiko kuti, kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa mavuto okhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. ;Kachiwiri, mwachindunji limasonyeza ubwino zachuma, kutanthauza kuonetsetsa ntchito yachibadwa ya otsika-voteji capacitance chipukuta misozi dongosolo, kusewera udindo wake, kuchepetsa harmonic zili mu gululi mphamvu, ndi kusintha mphamvu chinthu, kuchepetsa zotakasika mphamvu imfa. , ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki wa zida.
Kuwonongeka kwa ma harmonics ku makampani azachipatala ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma harmonic chidzakhudza ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zolondola, ndipo zingawononge chitetezo chaumwini pazochitika zazikulu;Zidzawonjezeranso kutaya mphamvu kwa mzere ndi kutentha kwa woyendetsa, kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi moyo wa zipangizo, kotero kufunikira kwa ulamuliro wa harmonic kumawonekera.Kupyolera mu kukhazikitsa kwafyuluta yogwirachipangizo, cholinga cha ulamuliro harmonic akhoza bwino akwaniritsa, kuti kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha anthu ndi zipangizo.M'kanthawi kochepa, kuwongolera kwa ma harmonics kumafunikira kuchuluka kwa ndalama zoyambira;Komabe, kuchokera pachitukuko chanthawi yayitali, APFyogwira fyuluta chipangizondi yabwino kukhalabe mu nthawi yamtsogolo, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu nthawi yeniyeni, ndi phindu chuma kubweretsa kulamulira harmonics ndi ubwino chikhalidwe kuyeretsa gululi mphamvu ndi zoonekeratu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-30-2023